Common Questions on Modern Indigenous-State Treaty-Making

6 December 2025Commissioned

The Treaty Authority asked public law expert, Dr Harry Hobbs, to answer questions we’ve been hearing about Treaties between First Peoples and governments in modern times. Dr Hobbs draws on literature and practice, including from Canada and Aotearoa New Zealand, to discuss how Treaties are different to contracts, and other topics relating to how Treaties are often negotiated, implemented and enforced. 

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The Treaty Authority acknowledges First Peoples as sovereign peoples throughout the lands and waters now known as Victoria and across Australia. We pay deep respect to all Traditional Owners, their lands, waters and skies, their Elders and ancestors, languages, family and clan groups, and their Lore, Law, customs, traditions and spiritual connections.

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